Journalist Report – March 26th

Journalist Report
By Arian Anderson

Today marked a pivotal moment in our Mars medical simulation course at the Mars Desert Research Station, as we successfully launched a rocket carrying life-saving medical supplies, a critical step in our mission to simulate emergency medical responses on the Martian surface. The launch represented the culmination of weeks of preparation and training, underscoring the importance of precision and teamwork in executing complex tasks in an extraterrestrial environment. As the rocket soared into the Martian sky, carrying with it the hopes of future explorers, we were filled with a sense of accomplishment and anticipation for the challenges that lay ahead.

Following the successful launch, we divided into two teams and ventured onto the Martian surface to test our communications systems and gather essential data for our medical research. Despite meticulous planning, unforeseen circumstances arose when one of our crew members suffered a leg injury, highlighting the inherent risks of exploration in harsh and unfamiliar environments. Swiftly activating our emergency protocols, we mobilized to rescue and transport the injured crew member to the medical bay at the habitat, demonstrating the importance of preparedness and quick response in mitigating emergencies on Mars.

The incident served as a sobering reminder of the realities of Martian exploration and the need for comprehensive medical training to address potential emergencies. While our primary mission is centered around medical research, today’s events underscored the interconnectedness of various disciplines in achieving our objectives. As we reflect on the day’s challenges and successes, we are reminded of the resilience and adaptability required of future Martian explorers, traits that we continue to cultivate through our experiences at the Mars Desert Research Station.

In the aftermath of the rescue operation, we regrouped to debrief and assess lessons learned, identifying areas for improvement in our emergency response protocols and communication systems. Despite the unexpected setback, our determination to push the boundaries of medical exploration on Mars remains unwavering. With each challenge we encounter, we grow stronger and more prepared to confront the unknowns that await us on the red planet, united in our pursuit of advancing human knowledge and capabilities in space exploration.

Journalist Report – March 25th

Journalist Report
By Arian Anderson

Our students had a Mission Day 2 today, encountering a series of technical challenges that tested their problem-solving abilities in a simulated Martian environment. The day’s objective centered around launching a rocket, a crucial task for future missions, but their efforts were thwarted by a cascade of complications. Loss of GPS signal of the rocket, malfunctioning ignition switches, and adverse weather conditions, characterized by excessive wind, created a challenging set of obstacles to overcome.

Despite meticulous planning and preparation, the students faced the reality of unpredictable conditions inherent to Martian exploration. Loss of GPS signal not only compromised the rocket’s trajectory but also underscored the vulnerability of technological systems to environmental factors in extraterrestrial environments. Technical glitches, such as malfunctioning ignition switches, emphasized the importance of robust equipment and redundancy in critical systems, lessons essential for real-life Martian missions.

The challenge posed by excessive wind highlighted the significance of environmental factors in mission planning and execution. On Mars, where weather patterns can be extreme and unpredictable, understanding and adapting to environmental conditions are vital for mission success. The students grappled with the complexities of balancing scientific objectives with the practical realities of operating in an inhospitable environment, gaining valuable insights into the intricacies of future Martian exploration.

As they navigated through the setbacks of mission day two, the students demonstrated resilience and adaptability, essential qualities for aspiring Martian explorers. Their experiences underscored the need for interdisciplinary training that encompasses not only medical expertise but also technical proficiency and strategic problem-solving skills. Through perseverance and collaboration, they will continue to push the boundaries of their simulated Martian mission, and attempt to launch again tomorrow morning at 9AM.

Journalist Report – January 24th

Crew 295 Journalist Report

Arian Anderson

It is day 1 of our Mars mission analog. Our group of students engaged in an educational program geared towards simulating the challenges of Martian exploration after traveling millions of miles across the solar system. Equipped with spacesuits and scientific tools, they embarked on an extravehicular activity (EVA) to conduct field research today that will set them up for the rest of the week of simulation. Their first task involved gathering rock samples to analyze Martian geology, aiming to unravel the planet’s geological history and composition.

During one EVA, the students stumbled upon a crashed satellite, providing an unexpected opportunity to study the effects of cosmic radiation on technology. They documented the site and salvaged usable components for further analysis, contributing valuable data to future missions. This encounter highlighted the unpredictable nature of exploration and the importance of adaptability in extraterrestrial environments.

In addition to their scientific objectives, the students were able to clean a dust-coated communications relay to ensure uninterrupted communication with mission control. Through teamwork and problem-solving, they restored the relay to optimal functioning, demonstrating their technical competence in managing mission-critical equipment.

One unexpected medical occurred with a crew member falling and suffering a DCS injury which required them to apply their training in space medicine. They demonstrated proficiency in first aid and emergency protocols and patched the suit then applied hyperbaric therapy. These experiences underscored the significance of medical preparedness and teamwork in mitigating risks associated with space exploration, fostering a sense of camaraderie among the students as they pursued their mission objectives and we look forward to the next several days of EVAs.

Mission Plan – March 24th

Crew 295 Mission Plan

We are the University of Colorado Mars In Simulated Surface Environments (MISSE) 2024 crew. Our mission is to provide interdisciplinary training to students interested in the intersections of human health, performance and medical care in an extraplanetary environment. Our students bring a broad set of experiences from military service, paramedic training, human physiology, aerospace engineering, and computer programing and are representative of future astronaut crews. This is our 5th year of running this course and we are extremely grateful to be back at MDRS to provide our students with a unique learning opportunity. This course is based around didactic lectures and simulated high fidelity EVAs where crews work in operational teams to complete simulated spaceflight goals like finding a satellite or launching a rocket. During these missions a medical contingency occurs and the crews are forced to respond and provide simulated medical care. This year we have build and included a medical module built into a trailer for the students to practice their wilderness and space medicine skills. Over the course of the week at MDRS our students learn about space through our hands on learning approach of field simulation. Prior students have listed this as their favorite class at the University of Colorado and many of them have gone on to work in human health and performance in spaceflight. We have an excellent group of students this year and are looking forward to another great week at MDRS as part of the MISSE course!

Anderson, Arian

Mission Summary – March 21st

Crew Commander: Leanne Hirshfield
Crew Journalist: Emily Doherty
Health & Safety Officer: James Crum
Crew Engineer: Marta Ceko
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Introduction
Crew 294 was made up of a group of researchers from the University of Colorado, Boulder with expertise in human performance, AI, and cognitive neuroscience. We came to MDRS on a research scouting mission as part of a Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI) project funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The title of our project is: “Cognitive Security and Risk Mitigation: A Theoretical Framework, Supporting Neurophysiological Studies, and Interactive Deep Learning Models in Sparse and Dense Information Environments.” Cognitive security refers to protecting humans from information-based threats that aim to disrupt cognitive processes such as reasoning and decision making. While the concept has received growing attention, research on topics relating to cognitive security suffers from several challenges: First, cognitive security is poorly conceptualized, lacking a consistent definition and clear, coherent specification of indicators. Research relevant to cognitive security is highly fragmented within and between different scientific fields. Further, cognitive security is particularly difficult to disentangle when we consider the complex (and understudied) ways that the information density spectrum affects decision-making. For example, the unique cognitive security challenges posed by low-information density environments such as space and the arctic are likely to be very different from high-information density environments such as heterogeneous Human-Agent Teams operating with maximum communication and information density channels. To address these challenges, our goal is to support humans to maintain cognitive security across a range of information density environments in a variety of operational environment. Our time at MDRS was an invaluable resource to help our research team to better understand the unique challenges faced by teams in space and to begin the long process of designing future experiments within our project.
Our team has expertise with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), which can take non-invasive measures of the blood flow in the brain (similar to what one could get from a fMRI scanner).While fMRI represents the gold standard for measuring the functioning human brain, the fNIRS device collects similar measures (from the outer cortex), and has been implemented wirelessly, allowing for measurements to be taken in field environments. We brought with us two fNIRS devices, Tobii Eyetracking Glasses, and Bionomadix physiological sensors (for EDA, heartrate, respiration) and ran pilot studies to see how well we could record quality data in field contexts at MDRS, considering range of sensors, quality of data in different movement and noisy scenarios. Figure 1 shows an overview of areas on MDRS campus where we had strong signal quality.

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We also tested our capability to take eyetracking and fNIRS measures on EVA. Figure 2 below shows images from EVA#3, where we test the sensors. We wanted to not only measure the range of the sensors, but also the quality of data collected, as one challenge in using neurophysiological sensors in field settings involves an inability to collect quality data amidst such noisy and complex experimental conditions. We designed a simple experiment based around a series of ‘breath holding’ experiments. Breath holding is a great way to achieve a systemic response in the human brain, where oxygenated blood measured in the brain decreases while a person holds their breath. When they resume breathing, we see a smooth increase in oxygenated blood flow.

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Figure 2. Equipped with fNIRS and eyetracking, ready for EVA!

The Figure below shows this experimental paradigm. We manipulated movement (stationary vs mobile) as well as adding a cognitive element of spatial navigation by finding waypoints during the task. Initial results suggest that we were able to achieve quality measures with the fNIRS data. The Tobii eyetracking glasses did not fare as well, and it was challenging to get pupil fixations and saccades outside of the hab. The eyetracking glasses became more of an expensive go pro😊 on EVAs. We are working already with our Tobii distributor to see if they have recommendations (or eyetracking glasses upgrades) to achieve higher quality data on EVA.

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Figure 3. Experimental design of EVA #3.

Summary: We learned so much during our time at MDRS about the real life use cases that exist when people make critical decisions in low information density environments and we are eager to build from our findings to continue our research. Integrating neurphysiological sensors involves ergonomic, range, and data quality considerations that must be made carefully. We look forward to future work with MDRS as we continue to research cognitive security in low density environments.

Journalist Report – March 21st

What a great day at MDRS! We wrapped up our simulation last night when our colleagues from University of Colorado arrived. We spent the morning in the Science Dome telling the rest of the team about our time in Sim and what we learned in our pilot studies with our neurophysiological sensors. We took time this afternoon to scout several locations on the rovers, and it was amazing to see the dinosaur fossils with the rest of the team. We ran our final study of the trip this afternoon: We had two team members head out on an EVA and they were wearing fNIRS brain measurement devices and eye tracking glasses. We collected their brain and eye tracking data while they navigated to a waypoint near Kissing Camel rock. We collected what is called ‘hyperscanning’ brain data, which is where you look at the brain synchronization between teammembers; in general team members who are working well together (high in team cohesion) will have more synchronization patterns. We wrapped up our day with a delicious pasta dinner and brownies in the Hab. The Sim team heads home tomorrow. Next up is the Univ Colorado field course at MDRS. Thanks for a wonderful sim experience, MDRS! We learned a ton and are already talking about our next trip back!

Leanne Hirshfield, Emily Doherty, James Crum, and Marta Čeko

EVA Report – March 20th

EVA # 3
Author: Leanne Hirshfield
Purpose of EVA: 1) A short EVA to Marble Ritual with Commander equipped with neurophysiological and behavioral sensors to assess range of sensors and data quality during EVA-related movement (e.g.,walking, riding in rover, standing still on Mars). The Health and Safety Officer supported the Commander throughout the EVA. The task included travel to Marble Ritual and then walking to find one waypoint within 300 meters of Marble Ritual. Commander reported observations from waypoint and collected one biological sample to bring back to the Hab.
Start time: 10:30
End time: 11:45
Narrative: Suits (2 and 7) and Radios (1-2) fully charged before leaving and plugged in upon return. Arrived to Marble Ritual around 10:40 AM, and ran sensor testing study outlined below. Arrived back on site around 11:45 AM. Both depressurized before entering the Hab. Perseverance Hours (before EVA): 169. Beginning charge: 100%Perseverance ending charge: 82%. Perseverance plugged in upon return. EVA #3 was a huge success! We learned a lot about the process of collecting eyetracking and fNIRS data out on EVA. We brought the data acquisition laptops with us and ran through our study protocols pretty seamlessly. Things we learned: everything is harder to do on EVA: from sensor troubleshooting to simple breath holding studies (breath holding results in a lovely hemodynamic response in the brain that we can measure with fNIRS). Very little room for experimenter error if we want to collect actual field data in the future. Emily was able to quickly convert our walkie talkie communications into transcripts with WhisperAI, and our review of the discourse suggests that this would be a rich source of team cohesion and team processes data that we could apply NLP techniques to in future collections. Good stuff and very much a learning experience!
Destination: One location: between the HAB and Marble Ritual.
Coordinates (use UTM WSG 84): 518250,4251000
Participants: Leanne Hirshfield (Commander) and James Crum (Health & Safety)
Road(s) and routes per MDRS Map: Cow Dung Road, North direction, and then walking within a 300 meter radius around Marble Ritual.
Mode of travel: Driving and walking

EVA # 4
Author: Emily Doherty
Purpose of EVA: 1) A farther EVA to Pooh’s Corner with Crew Engineer equipped with neurophysiological and behavioral sensors to assess range of sensors and data quality data quality during EVA-related movement (e.g.,walking, riding in rover, standing still on Mars).. The Journalist will support the Crew Engineer throughout the EVA. The task will include travel to Pooh’s Corner and then walking to find one waypoint within 300 meters of Pooh’s Corner. Flight Engineer will report observations from waypoint and collect one biological sample to bring back to the Hab.
Start time: 14:15
End time: 15:45
Narrative: Decided to venture to Marble Ritual instead of the original planned Pooh’s Corner due to a delayed start. Upon arrival to Marble Ritual, we spent about 30 minutes troubleshooting our sensor equipment. We then spent about an hour testing the range and feasibility of the sensors in high sunlight conditions. We arrived back at the Hab around 15:45 and depressurized before entering.
Destination: One location: between the HAB and Marble Ritual.
Coordinates (use UTM WSG 84): 518250,4251000
Participants: Marta Čeko (Engineer) and Emily Doherty (Journalist)
Road(s) and routes per MDRS Map: Cow Dung Road, North direction, and then walking within a 300 meter radius around Marble Ritual.
Mode of travel: Driving and walking

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